Instructional Design Models

The following is a list of models that can be used to approach the art or science (your choice) of instructional design.

Prescriptive Models

Prescriptive models provide guidelines or frameworks to organize and structure the process of creating instructional activities. The following are commonly accepted prescriptive design models:

• 4C-ID Model (Jeroen van Merriënboer)
• Algo-Heuristic Theory (Lev Landa)
• ADDIE Model | Weaknesses of the ADDIE model
• ARCS (John Keller)
• A.S.S.U.R.E. (Heinich, Molenda, Russel, and Smaldino)
• Backward Design (Wiggins & McTighe)
• Conditions of Learning (Robert Gagne)
• Criterion Referenced Instruction (Robert Mager)
• Dick and Carey
• Elaboration Theory
• Instructional Systems Design ISD
• Integrative Learning Design Framework for Online Learning (Debbaugh)
• Iterative Design
  • Spiral Model (Boehm)
  • Rapid Prototyping (Tripp & Bichelmeyer)
• Kemp Design Model (Morrison, Ross, and Kemp)
• Organizational Elements Model (OEM) (Roger Kaufman)
• Transactional Distance (Michael Moore)

Objective Taxonomies

• Cognitive Domain (Benjamin Bloom)
• Affective Domain (David Krathwohl)
• Psycho-motor Domain (Elizabeth Jane Simpson)

Learning Theories

Digital Video Dimension Tool